The　immobilized　carrier　was　prepared　with　complete　anaerobic　ammonia　oxidation　granular　sludge　(AnGS)　and　crushed　AnGS,　respectively.　We　evaluated　the　effects　of　granular　form　and　continuous　temperature　changes　on　nitrogen　removal　by　immobilized　anaerobic　ammonium　oxidation　(anammox)　filler.　The　results　showed　that　the　rate　of　nitrogen　removal　of　crushed　and　encapsulated　AnGS　was　20%　higher　than　that　of　direct　encapsulated　AnGS.　However,　the　latter　had　higher　thresholds　of　tolerance　to　Fe2+　and　Cu2+.　In　addition,　the　immobilization　reduced　the　activation　energy　of　anammox.　Above　12.5　degrees　C,　the　immobilized　filler　was　efficient　at　removing　nitrogen　removal　through　the　dual　adjustment　of　temperature-hydraulic　retention　time.　From　12.5　degrees　C　to　23　degrees　C,　the　temperature　had　a　greater　influence　on　the　nitrogen　removal　effect　than　the　HRT.　In　contrast,　HRT　had　a　dominant　influence　from　23　degrees　C　to　32　degrees　C.　Anammox　activity　was　severely　inhibited　below　12.5　degrees　C.　High-throughput　sequencing　analysis　showed　that　the　community　structure　migrated　with　the　changes　in　temperature.　The　anammox　functional　bacteria　Candidatus　Kuenenia　(18.31-39.73%)　were　the　dominant　genus　at　medium　and　high　temperatures,　and　it　was　replaced　by　Chryseobacterium　(24.19%)　at　8.5　degrees　C.　In　addition,　an　RDA　analysis　showed　that　Candidatus　Brocadia　was　more　adaptable　to　low　temperatures　than　Candidatus　Kuenenia.　In　addition,　Bellilinea　was　more　sensitive　to　temperature　than　Candidatus　Kuenenia.　Thus,　the　temperature　could　be　appropriately　lowered　to　avoid　overbreeding.　The　results　of　this　study　optimized　the　operation　of　an　anammox　immobilized　system　and　promote　its　further　application.　(C)　2021　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.