In　recent　years,　prefabricated　structures　have　been　widely　constructed　to　reduce　construction　costs　and　time.　In　this　study,　a　new　type　of　prefabricated　structure,　lightweight　concrete-filled　steel　tubular　(CFST)-framed　building　assembled　with　microcrystalline　foam　boards　(MFBs),　was　developed.　The　MFBs　exhibited　high　strength,　heat　insulation,　soundproof,　light　weight,　fireproof,　and　ecofriendly　characteristics.　The　MFBs　were　combined　with　light　steel　keels　and　connected　to　the　CFST　frame　with　flexible　and　rigid　connections.　Shaking　table　tests　on　a　full-scale,　two-story,　single-span　lightweight　CFST-framed　building　assembled　with　MFBs　as　exterior　wallboards　were　performed　to　assess　its　dynamic　properties　and　seismic　response　under　the　earthquake.　The　input　waves　used　for　the　shaking　table　tests　were　the　El-Centro,　Taft,　and　Zhangjiakou　artificial　waves　with　seismic　ground　motion　intensities　of　8　degrees-9　degrees.　The　results　indicated　that　the　CFST-framed　building　exhibited　satisfactory　seismic　performance.　The　main　damage　behavior　was　the　cracking　and　spalling　of　the　MFBs,　however,　the　MFBs　used　as　exterior　wallboards　were　easy　to　repair　and　replace.　No　wallboard　collapse　occurred,　and　the　lightweight　CFST　frame　was　in　the　elastic　deformation　stage.　The　flexible　connections　absorbed　a　large　amount　of　energy,　resulting　in　a　reduction　in　the　displacement　of　the　structure　and　little　damage　to　the　wallboards　under　the　earthquake.　Finally,　a　nonlinear　distribution　model　of　acceleration　amplification　factors　for　calculating　the　seismic　force　on　MFBs　was　established.