The　selective　transport　of　charge　carriers　has　a　great　impact　on　the　efficiency　of　electrochemical　energy　storage　and　conversion.　However,　pursuing　membranes　with　high-performance　ion　selectivity　is　one　of　the　most　crucial　issues　for　their　further　progress.　In　recent　years,　based　on　their　superior　intrinsically　physical　and　chemical　properties　including　abundant　nano-sized　channels,　open　metal　sites　and　electrostatic　interaction,　metal-organic　frameworks　(MOFs)　have　shown　enormous　potential　for　the　construction　of　membranes　with　ion　selectivity.　In　this　review,　the　design　and　mechanism　of　MOF-based　membranes　with　ion　selectivity　are　first　discussed.　Based　on　this,　the　applications　of　these　membranes　in　typical　electrochemical　energy　storage　and　conversion　systems　are　summarized.　Based　on　the　recent　advances,　the　existing　challenges　and　the　future　perspectives　are　discussed.　This　review　will　offer　new　insights　for　understanding　the　ion　transport　in　MOF-based　membranes　with　ion　selectivity　towards　high-performance　electrochemical　energy　storage　and　conversion.