Chinese　loess　and　stalagmites　are　two　classic　terrestrial　archives　that　have　been　intensively　studied　to　reconstruct　the　characteristics　and　dynamics　of　orbital-　and　millennial-scale　monsoon　variability.　However,　comparability　between　these　two　representative　records　remains　contested　due　to　chronological　uncertainty　and　proxy　complexity.　Here　five　high-sedimentation-rate　loess　records　on　the　Chinese　Loess　Plateau　are　investigated　to　assess　East　Asian　monsoon　variability　at　orbital　and　millennial　timescales.　By　correlating　loess　grain　size　(a　winter　monsoon　proxy)　to　speleothem　818O　(a　summer　monsoon　proxy),　we　establish　an　independent　speleothem-based　chronology　for　Chinese　loess-paleosol　sequences　over　the　past　640　ka.　The　synchronized　loess　grain-size　records　indicate　that　winter　monsoon　variability　is　spatially　consistent　on　glacial-interglacial　to　millennial　timescales,　exhibiting　distinctive　precession-　and　millennial-scale　changes　similar　to　those　of　speleothem　818O　records.　However,　as　affected　by　the　complex　processes　of　deposition　and　weathering,　magnetic　susceptibility　variations　are　spatially　different　in　terms　of　both　amplitude　and　frequencies.　Cross-spectral　results　of　a　loess　grain-size　stack　with　benthic　oxygen　isotope　and　orbital　parameters　reveal　that　ice　volume　has　played　a　more　dominant　(70-75%)　role　than　insolation　(25-30%)　in　driving　orbital-scale　winter　monsoon　fluctuation.　Comparison　of　high-frequency　(＜9　ka)　components　of　the　loess　and　speleothem　proxies　with　the　North　Atlantic　and　ice-core　records　reveals　that　millennial-scale　abrupt　events　are　persistent　and　comparable　during　glacial　periods.　However,　the　magnitudes　of　abrupt　climate　events　are　quite　different　among　these　records　during　interglacials,　implying　that　dynamics　of　abrupt　climate　changes　are　likely　dissimilar　under　different　glacial　and　interglacial　boundary　conditions.　Integration　of　terrestrial,　marine,　and　ice-core　records　suggests　that　future　research　should　focus　on　quantitatively　reconstructing　millennial-scale　changes　in　temperature　and　precipitation　independently,　and　dynamically　assessing　co-evolution　of　orbital　and　millennial　climate　variability.