Antibiotic　pollution　causes　serious　environmental　and　social　issues.　China　is　the　largest　antibiotic　producer　and　userin　the　world,　with　a　large　share　of　antibiotics　used　in　agriculture.This　study　quantified　agricultural　antibiotic　emissions　of　mainlandChina　in　2014　as　well　as　critical　drivers　in　global　supply　chains.Results　show　that　China＇s　agriculture　discharged　4131　tons　ofantibiotics.　Critical　domestic　supply　chain　drivers　are　mainlylocated　in　Central　China,　North　China,　and　East　China.　Foreignfinal　demand　contributes　9%　of　agricultural　antibiotic　emissions　inmainland　China　and　leads　to　5-40%　of　emissions　in　each　province.Foreign　primary　inputs　(e.g.,　labor　and　capital)　contribute　5%　ofagricultural　antibiotic　emissions　in　mainland　China　and　lead　to　2-63%　of　emissions　in　each　province.　Critical　international　drivers　include　thefinal　demand　of　the　United　States　and　Japan　for　foodsand　textile　products,　as　well　as　the　primary　inputs　of　the　oil　seeds　sector　in　Brazil.　The　results　indicate　the　uniqueness　of　supply　chaindrivers　for　antibiotic　emissions　compared　with　other　emissions.　Ourfindings　reveal　supply　chain　hotspots　for　multiple-perspectivepolicy　decisions　to　control　China＇s　agricultural　antibiotic　emissions　as　well　as　for　international　cooperation