Microscale　compressed　air　energy　storage　is　not　dependent　on　geographical　environment,　exhibits　a　flexible　layout,　and　is　especially　suitable　for　distributed　energy　systems.　Herein,　a　test　bench　of　microscale　compressed　air　energy　storage　is　established.　The　effects　of　key　parameters,　such　as　regulated　pressure,　current,　voltage,　and　rotating　speed,　on　the　output　performance　of　a　pneumatic　motor　(PM)　and　generator　are　examined.　The　power　performance,　economic　performance,　and　energy　efficiency　of　the　PM　in　forward　and　reverse　rotations　are　also　investigated.　The　differences　in　the　output　performances　of　the　PM　and　generator　under　the　forward　and　reverse　rotations　of　the　PM　are　analyzed.　Experimental　results　show　that　the　PM＇s　power　performance,　economy,　and　efficiency　in　forward　rotation　are　greater　than　those　in　reverse　rotation.　The　power　output　of　the　generator　with　the　PM　in　forward　rotation　is　greater　than　that　in　reverse　rotation.　The　maximum　values　of　the　power　output　and　efficiency　and　the　minimum　compressed　air　consumption　rate　of　the　PM　are　650　W,　6.92%,　and　0.165　g　J(-1),　respectively.　The　maximum　efficiency　of　the　generator　is　94.35%.