Air　pollution　places　a　considerable　disease　burden　on　the　public.　Compared　with　the　widely　applied　air　quality　index　(AQI),　the　air　quality　health　index　(AQHI)　provides　a　more　comprehensive　measure　of　multiple　pollutants.　In　this　study,　AQHI　was　constructed　using　environmental　data,　meteorological　data,　and　the　daily　mortality　data　of　Beijing　residents　from　2018　to　2020.　Factors　increasing　the　susceptibility　of　the　population　to　the　health　effects　of　air　pollution　were　identified　to　aid　the　construction　of　a　specific　AQHI　(S-AQHI)　for　susceptible　populations.　The　findings　indicated　that　older　adults,　women,　and　people　with　respiratory　disease　are　more　susceptible　to　the　short-term　health　effects　of　air　pollution.　The　relative　deviation　in　the　AQHI　and　S-AQHI　for　changes　in　daily　mortality　percentage　of　various　specific　populations　ranged　from　only　1.4%　to　10.3%,　indicating　the　universality　of　the　AQHI　in　its　capacity　to　predict　health　risks.　The　Spearman　coefficient　of　correlation　between　the　AQHI　and　AQI　was　0.78　(p　＜　0.01).　Each　increase　in　the　interquartile　range　of　the　AQHI　and　AQI　results　in　an　increase　of　1.894%　and　1.029%　in　the　total　daily　mortality,　respectively,　demonstrating　the　stronger　capacity　of　the　AQHI　to　predict　daily　mortality　compared　to　the　AQI.