Although　the　tuned　mass　damper　(TMD)　is　characterized　by　simple　construction,　a　definite　damping　mechanism,　and　a　strong　damping　effect,　a　narrow　damping　frequency　band,　a　detuning　effect,　and　large　occupied　space　limit　its　application　in　practical　engineering.　Particle　dampers　have　the　advantages　of　damping　frequency　bandwidth　and　small　space,　but　the　damping　effect　is　unsatisfactory.　Therefore,　a　new　combined　damping　system　(CTP)　containing　a　TMD　and　a　multiple　unidirectional　single-particle　damper　(MUSPD)　was　developed.　A　series　of　shaking　table　tests　for　a　controlled　and　uncontrolled　structure　were　conducted　to　investigate　the　performance　of　the　system,　and　the　damping　effects　of　a　TMD,　MUSPD　and　CTP　subjected　to　harmonic　excitation,　normal　ground　motions,　rock　ground　motions,　and　soft　ground　motions　were　compared　and　analyzed.　Finally,　a　mechanical　model　of　the　CTP　and　corresponding　numerical　simulation　method　were　developed　based　on　its　damping　mechanism.　The　results　indicate　that　a　CTP　can　effectively　integrate　the　advantages　of　a　TMD　and　MUSPD,　and　exhibits　a　better　damping　effect,　wider　damping　frequency　band,　and　stronger　robustness.　The　shaking　table　test　demonstrates　the　rationality　and　feasibility　of　a　simulation　method　for　a　CTP.