China＇s　Belt　and　Road　Initiative　(BRI)　is　one　of　the　most　ambitious　infrastructure　investment　efforts　in　history,　representing　great　potential　for　stimulating　regional　economic　growth　in　Asia,　Europe　and　Africa.　This　study　collects　cross-country　panel　data　from　2007　to　2016　and　investigates　the　impact　of　transport　infrastructure　(railway　and　road)　on　the　economic　growth　in　the　BRI　countries.　First,　a　spatial-temporal　characteristics　analysis　of　transport　infrastructure　and　economic　growth　is　presented.　Then,　the　global　Moran＇s　I　and　the　local　Moran　scatterplot　are　employed　to　test　for　possible　spatial　autocorrelations.　Finally,　both　static　and　dynamic　spatial　models　are　utilized　to　empirically　examine　the　impact　of　transport　infrastructure　on　economic　growth　from　the　national　and　regional　perspectives.　The　estimation　results　at　the　national　level　reveal　that　the　transport　infrastructure　in　the　BRI　countries　plays　an　essential　role　in　facilitating　economic　growth.　Moreover,　this　study　finds　significantly　positive　spatial　spillover　effects　of　economic　growth　in　the　categories　of　geographical　distance,　economic　distance,　cultural　distance,　and　institutional　distance　spatial　weight　matrices,　i.e.,　shorter　geographical　distances　and　economic,　cultural　and　institutional　similarities　among　the　BRI　countries　lead　to　mutual　economic　growth.　The　estimation　results　at　the　regional　level　indicate　that　the　spatial　spillover　effects　of　transport　infrastructure　are　significantly　negative　in　East　Asia-Central　Asia　and　the　Commonwealth　of　Independent　States　and　in　South　Asia.　On　the　contrary,　the　positive　spatial　spillover　effect　of　transport　infrastructure　on　economic　growth　is　most　pronounced　in　Central　and　Eastern　Europe.　This　indicates　the　polarization　effect　in　the　initial　stage　of　the　lagging　transport　infrastructure　and　the　diffusion　effects　after　the　transport　infrastructure　is　mature.　This　study　is　valuable　because　it　examines　the　impact　of　transport　infrastructure　on　economic　growth　in　the　BRI　countries.　In　addition,　two　policy　suggestions　for　driving　the　regional　economy　in　the　BRI　countries　are　given.