The　chloroxylenol　(PCMX)　degrading　strain　was　successfully　isolated　from　sludge　and　identified　as　Rhodococcus　ruber　(R.　ruber).　Afterwards,　a　bioaugmentation　system　was　constructed　by　seeding　R.　ruber　into　nitrifying　sludge　to　fasten　degradation　efficiency　of　highly　toxic　PCMX　from　wastewater.　Results　showed　that　R.　ruber　presented　high　PCMX-degrading　performance　under　aerobic　conditions,　25　degrees　C,　pH　7.0　and　inoculum　sizes　of　4%　(v/v).　These　optimized　conditions　were　used　in　subsequent　bioaugmentation　experiment.　In　bioaugmentation　system,　R.　ruber　could　detoxify　nitrifiers　by　degrading　PCMX,　and　the　content　of　polysaccharide　in　extracellular　poly-meric　substances　increased.　The　quantitative　polymerase　chain　reaction　results　exhibited　that　the　absolute　abundance　of　16S　rRNA　gene　and　ammonia　oxidizing　bacteria　(AOB)　slightly　elevated　in　bioaugmentation　system.　After　analyzing　the　results　of　high-throughput　sequencing,　it　was　found　that　the　loaded　R.　ruber　can　colonize　successfully　and　turn　into　dominant　strains　in　sludge　system.　Molecular　docking　simulation　showed　that　PCMX　had　a　weaker　suppressed　effect　on　AOB　than　nitrite　oxidizing　bacteria,　and　R.　ruber　can　alleviate　the　adverse　effect.　This　study　could　provide　a　novel　strategy　for　potential　application　in　reinforcement　of　PCMX　removal　in　wastewater　treatment.