ObjectiveHemodynamics-induced　low　wall　shear　stress　(WSS)　is　one　of　the　critical　reasons　leading　to　vascular　remodeling.　However,　the　coupling　effects　of　WSS　and　cellular　kinetics　have　not　been　clearly　modeled.　The　aim　of　this　study　was　to　establish　a　multiscale　modeling　approach　to　reveal　the　vascular　remodeling　behavior　under　the　interaction　between　the　macroscale　of　WSS　loading　and　the　microscale　of　cell　evolution.　MethodsComputational　fluid　dynamics　(CFD)　method　and　agent-based　model　(ABM),　which　have　significantly　different　characteristics　in　temporal　and　spatial　scales,　were　adopted　to　establish　the　multiscale　model.　The　CFD　method　is　for　the　second/organ　scale,　and　the　ABM　is　for　the　month/cell　scale.　The　CFD　method　was　used　to　simulate　blood　flow　in　a　vessel　and　obtain　the　WSS　in　a　vessel　cross-section.　The　simulations　of　the　smooth　muscle　cell　(SMC)　proliferation/apoptosis　and　extracellular　matrix　(ECM)　generation/degradation　in　a　vessel　cross-section　were　performed　by　using　ABM.　During　the　simulation　of　the　vascular　remodeling　procedure,　the　damage　index　of　the　SMC　and　ECM　was　defined　as　deviation　from　the　obtained　WSS.　The　damage　index　decreased　gradually　to　mimic　the　recovery　of　WSS-induced　vessel　damage.　Results(1)　The　significant　wall　thickening　region　was　consistent　with　the　low　WSS　region.　(2)　There　was　no　evident　change　of　wall　thickness　in　the　normal　WSS　region.　(3)　When　the　damage　index　approached　to　0,　the　amount　and　distribution　of　SMCs　and　ECM　achieved　a　stable　state,　and　the　vessel　reached　vascular　homeostasis.　ConclusionThe　established　multiscale　model　can　be　used　to　simulate　the　vascular　remodeling　behavior　over　time　under　various　WSS　conditions.