Aquatic　sediment　polluted　by　potentially　toxic　elements　(PTEs)　from　mining　activities　represents　a　potential　health　＂time　bomb＂　for　humans　and　the　local　ecology,　but　the　integrated　analysis　of　pollution　and　hazards　of　PTEs　in　sediment　around　typical　metal　mines　in　China　is　limited.　Presently,　the　associated　pollution　status,　spatial　distribution,　and　ecological　and　health　hazards　of　Cd,　Cu,　Zn,　Pb,　Cr,　and　As　were　investigated　through　index　evaluation,　spatial　analysis,　health　risk　assessment　models,　and　Monte　Carlo　simulation.　Overall,　the　sediment　exhibited　varying　degrees　of　PTE　contamination;　notably,　the　level　of　Cd　was　104.85　times　higher　than　its　background　value,　and　it　became　the　most　enriched　element　in　the　surveyed　sediment,　followed　in　descending　order　by　Cu,　As,　Zn,　Pb,　and　Cr.　Nationally,　over　64.5%　of　metal-mining-affected　sediment　presented　a　very　high　ecological　risk,　contributed　mostly　by　Cd　(43.2%-98.7%)　followed　by　As,　Pb,　and　Cu;　the　risk　contributed　by　both　Cr　and　Zn　was　found　to　be　negligible.　The　adverse　health　risk　posed　to　children　by　most　sediment　was　1.72　and　6.46　times　higher　than　that　posed　to　adults　for　cancerous　and　noncancerous　risks,　respectively.　The　potential　noncarcinogenic　risks　were　mainly　caused　by　As,　which　contributed　over　78.9%　of　the　Hazard　Index　values,　then　followed　by　Pb　(＞9.3%).　For　both　children　and　adults,　the　carcinogenic　risk　of　PTEs　decreased　in　the　following　order:　As　＞　Cd　＞　Cr　＞　Pb.　The　investigated　sediment　was　found　seriously　affected　by　nearby　metal　mines,　especially　those　in　regions　with　long-term　and　large-scale　nonferrous-metal-mining　activities.　This　study　could　provide　a　reference　for　policymakers　to　develop　control　strategies　for　PTE　pollution　in　sediment　around　mining　areas.