Identifying　the　contamination　characteristics　of　trace　metals　in　river　and　targeting　their　corresponding　potential　contamination　sources　and　source-specific　ecological　risk　are　of　very　importance　for　putting　forward　effective　river　environment　protection　strategies.　Here,　a　detailed　investigation　was　conducted　to　recognize　the　contamination　and　ecological　risk　characteristics　of　trace　metals　in　Le＇an　River.　To　attain　this　objective,　a　PMFSSD　model　(Positive　Matrix　Factorization-Species　Sensitivity　Distribution)　was　proposed　to　evaluate　the　ecological　risk　of　trace　metals　in　Le＇an　River.　The　positive　matrix　factorization　(PMF)　was　employed　to　identify　the　potential　source　of　trace　metals　in　surface　water　and　their　corresponding　contributions.　The　ecological　risks　of　the　sources　were　quantitatively　calculated　by　PMF-SSD.　In　addition,　the　spatial　dissimilarity　analysis　of　the　source　contribution　distributions　was　also　conducted　in　this　study.　Results　showed　that　the　water　environment　in　Jiangxi　were　considerably　contaminated　by　trace　metals　(Cd,　Cr,　Co,　Al,　Mn,　Cu,　Zn　and　Ni).　The　concentrations　of　these　trace　metals　in　surface　water　demonstrated　significant　spatial　variations　and　the　ecological　risk　lay　in　high　level.　Mining　activities　were　identified　as　the　main　anthropogenic　sources,　which　should　to　be　strictly　regulated.