Particle　damping　technology　has　many　application　prospects　in　the　field　of　civil　engineering　due　to　its　advantages　of　wide　working　frequency　bands　and　strong　robustness.　However,　the　mechanical　behaviors　of　the　particles　are　highly　nonlinear　and　their　working　mechanism　is　very　complex,　which　is　up　to　now　not　well　revealed　and　need　urgently　to　be　improved.　Considering　the　collision　process　and　friction　effect　between　the　damping　particles　and　the　damper　cavity　for　the　case　that　the　damping　particles　do　not　accumulate,　a　mechanical　model　of　particle　damper　is　constructed.　First,　the　energy　method　is　used　to　solve　the　energy　of　each　component　of　the　SDOF　system　with　particle　damper.　The　energy　consumption　rule　of　each　part　of　the　structural　system　is　analyzed　carefully,　and　the　damping　mechanism　is　clarified.　Then,　the　damping　effect　of　the　particle　damper　and　TMD　is　compared,　and　the　influence　of　the　particle　material　parameters　is　explored.　The　accuracy　of　the　structural　dynamic　analysis　based　on　energy　method　is　verified　through　the　electromagnetic　shaking　table　test　of　a　single-layer　steel　frame.　The　research　results　show　that　the　damping　effect　of　TMD　is　better　when　the　structure　resonance　occurs,　and　the　damping　effect　of　the　particle　damper　is　better　for　non-resonant　case.　Under　non-resonant　conditions,　the　damping　effect　of　the　particle　damper　increases　with　the　decrease　of　the　impact　recovery　coefficient　or　with　the　increase　of　the　rolling　friction　coefficient.　It　also　shows　that　the　damping　particle　with　smaller　radius　has　better　damping　effect.　©　2019,　Nanjing　Univ.　of　Aeronautics　an　Astronautics.　All　right　reserved.