In　recent　years,　with　the　increase　of　information　processing　capacity　of　optical　networks　and　the　continuous　improvement　of　high-density　optical　communication　technology,　the　requirements　for　the　performance　of　light　sources　are　also　increased.　High-quality　VCSEL　with　beam　polarization　stability　control　plays　an　increasingly　important　role　in　the　above　fields.　The　combination　of　liquid　crystal　and　vertical　cavity　surface　emitting　laser　(VCSEL)　array　can　realize　wavelength　tunability　and　precise　polarization　control.　At　the　same　time,　the　introduction　of　liquid　crystal　will　also　change　the　thermal　characteristics　of　VCSEL　array.　In　this　paper,　the　structure　of　VCSEL　array　is　designed　and　the　experimental　research　on　the　thermal　characteristics　of　VCSEL　array　is　carried　out.　The　effects　of　nematic　liquid　crystal　layer　on　the　thermal　characteristics　of　VCSEL　array　are　compared　and　analyzed.　The　experimental　results　show　that　the　threshold　current　temperature　change　rate　of　1　x　1,　2　x　2　and　3　x　3　surface　liquid　crystal　VCSEL　array　can　be　reduced　by　23.6%　and　the　thermal　resistance　can　be　reduced　by　26.75%.　Moreover,　the　saturated　optical　power　of　VCSEL　array　can　be　improved　to　a　different　degree.　Meanwhile,　the　liquid　crystal　layer　can　effectively　increase　the　heat　transverse　conduction　and　reduce　the　optical　hole.　The　temperature　difference　between　the　light　outlet　and　the　table　makes　the　heat　conduction　time　very　short　at　a　small　distance　between　the　light　outlet　and　the　table,　which　is　more　conducive　to　the　uniform　temperature　distribution　of　the　laser　array.　The　experimental　results　show　that　the　temperature　difference　between　the　light　outlet　and　the　surrounding　is　less　than　0.5　degrees　C.　To　sum　up,　the　introduction　of　liquid　crystal　layer　into　VCSEL　array　not　only　greatly　accelerates　the　thermal　diffusion　of　laser　array　unit,　but　also　reduces　the　junction　temperature　of　active　region,　improves　the　thermal　characteristics　of　VCSELs　laser　array,　and　lays　a　good　theoretical　and　experimental　foundation　for　realizing　the　high　beam　quality　single　polarization　wavelength　controllable　VCSEL　laser　array.