When　used　for　ranging,　positioning,　guidance,　communication　and　tactical　weapons,　the　military　requires　not　only　accurate　measurement　of　the　effective　area　of　the　laser　spot　and　the　target,　but　also　requires　the　laser　guidance　head　to　detect　the　guidance　laser　with　a　high　probability　of　detection　and　track　the　target　with　high　tracking　accuracy,　so　it　is　important　to　study　the　angular　tracking　error　of　the　laser　guidance　head　on　the　target.　In　this　paper,　we　explore　the　ground　laser　in　a　certain　horizontal　orientation,　high　and　low　tracking　error　in　the　direction　of　laser　emission,　laser　beam　transmission　through　the　atmospheric　environment　to　the　target　location,　in　the　atmospheric　transmission　process　the　laser　energy　will　be　attenuated　through　the　atmospheric　transmittance.　At　this　time　the　spot　will　intersect　the　target,　in　order　to　facilitate　theoretical　analysis,　the　target　area　equivalent　to　the　circular　area,　through　the　atmospheric　attenuation,　the　target　intersection　area　and　the　role　of　distance　expressions,　the　return　energy　is　calculated.　The　detection　capability　of　the　laser　system　is　determined　by　parameters　such　as　laser　detector　transmitting　power,　divergence　angle,　receiving　power,　optical　system　transmittance,　scope　structure　and　detector　detection　capability,　etc.　The　action　distance　is　affected　by　atmospheric　conditions,　the　size　of　the　target　reflective　area,　target　reflectivity　and　visibility,　etc.,　and　is　finally　supplemented　by　simulation　tests.　©　2022　IEEE.