The　amount　and　kinetics　of　intercalation　and　extraction　of　electrons　and　ions　in　electrodes　is　critical　for　high-performance　Li-ion　batteries　(LIBs),　which　are　rather　complicated　involving　tight　interactions　of　both　electrochemistry　and　mechanics.　These　coupled　electro-chemo-mechanical　behaviors　could　substantially　influence　the　number　and　kinetics　of　transferred　ions　and　electrons　and　ultimately　affect　the　performance　of　the　entire　battery　system.　Furthermore,　the　emerged　surface/interface　coating–engineered　electrodes　in　both　cathode　and　anode　materials　can　significantly　regulate　the　performance　of　batteries,　while　the　underlying　mechanism　should　urgently　be　unveiled.　With　the　capability　of　resolving　the　structure　and　chemistry,　advanced　electron　microscopy　is　an　ideal　technique　for　directly　visualizing　the　interplay　between　electrochemistry　and　mechanics　in　both　neat　and　modified　electrode　materials　at　atomic-to-bulk　scale.　This　review　first　summaries　recent　progress　in　electron　microscopy　regarding　electro-chemo-mechanical　behaviors　of　both　anode　and　cathode　materials,　which　includes　techniques　of　in　situ/ex　situ　(scanning)　transmission　electron　microscopy　and　scanning　electron　microscopy.　In　addition,　as　a　comparison,　the　electron　microscopy　of　how　surface/interface　coatings　regulated　electrodes　is　further　represented.　Finally,　the　major　challenges　and　opportunities　of　electron　microcopy　techniques　are　outlined　for　rechargeable　ion　batteries.　An　in-depth　understanding　of　the　electrochemistry-mechanics　interaction　in　electrodes　could　describe　the　full　mechanism　that　governs　the　Li-storage　performance　and　then　provide　fundamental　guidelines　for　target-oriented　LIB　design　and　optimization.　©　2019