Marine　oil　spill　pollution　is　a　serious　threat　to　the　marine　ecological　environment,　human　life　and　economic　development.　Synthetic　Aperture　Radar　(SAR)　becomes　one　of　the　main　technologies　for　marine　oil　film　detection　because　of　its　all-weather　and　high　sensitivity　observation　capability.　This　article　first　introduces　the　research　progress　of　oil　film　detection　technology　on　single　polarimetric,　fully　polarimetric　and　compact　polarimetric　SAR　technologies,　based　on　the　basic　principle　of　SAR　oil　slick　detection.　Then　the　main　difficulties　and　challenges　encountered　in　the　current　research　are　analyzed.　Finally,　the　broad　prospects　for　the　future　development　of　this　technology　are　forecasted.　©　2019,　Science　Press.　All　right　reserved.