Sand　liquefaction　under　static　and　dynamic　loading　can　cause　failure　of　embankments,　slopes,　bridges　and　other　important　infrastructure.　Sand　liquefaction　in　the　seabed　can　also　cause　submarine　landslides　and　tsunamis.　Fabric　anisotropy　related　to　the　internal　soil　structure　such　as　particle　orientation,　force　network　and　void　space　is　found　to　have　profound　influence　on　sand　liquefaction.　A　constitutive　model　accounting　for　the　effect　of　anisotropy　on　sand　liquefaction　is　proposed.　Evolution　of　fabric　anisotropy　during　loading　is　considered　according　to　the　anisotropic　critical　state　theory　for　sand.　The　model　has　been　validated　by　extensive　test　results　on　Toyoura　sand　with　different　initial　densities　and　stress　states.　The　effect　of　sample　preparation　method　on　sand　liquefaction　is　qualitatively　analysed.　The　model　has　been　used　to　investigate　the　response　of　a　sand　ground　under　earthquake　loading.　It　is　shown　that　sand　with　horizontal　bedding　plane　has　the　highest　resistance　to　liquefaction　when　the　sand　deposit　is　anisotropic,　which　is　consistent　with　the　centrifuge　test　results.　The　initial　degree　of　fabric　anisotropy　has　a　more　significant　influence　on　the　liquefaction　resistance.　Sand　with　more　anisotropic　fabric　that　can　be　caused　by　previous　loading　history　or　compaction　methods　has　lower　liquefaction　resistance.　(C)　2023　Institute　of　Rock　and　Soil　Mechanics,　Chinese　Academy　of　Sciences.　Production　and　hosting　by　Elsevier　B.V.　This　is　an　open　access　article　under　the　CC　BY-NC-ND　license　(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).