The　photophysical　and　photochemical　properties　of　a　series　of　heterocyclic　analogs　of　1,4-cyclohexadiene　were　studied　by　theoretical　calculation　and　experiment.　With　the　incorporation　of　different　heteroatoms,　the　analogs　presented　distinct　photophysical　and　photochemical　properties　from　1,4-cyclohexadiene.　Their　ultra-violet-visible　absorption　spectra　were　measured　and　found　to　be　related　to　the　heteroatoms　on　the　1,4-cyclohex-adiene　ring.　Calculation　of　the　geometrical　and　electronic　structures　of　the　ground-states　revealed　that　incorporation　of　the　heteroatom　affected　the　photophysical　properties　of　the　molecule.　The　de-excitation　pro-cesses　and　electron　transition　modes　were　discussed　according　to　the　calculated　values　of　the　spin-orbit　coupling　matrix　and　the　electron-hole　distributions　of　the　excited　states.　The　reactive　sites　and　geometrical　structures　showed　that　incorporation　of　a　heteroatom　into　1,4-cyclohexadiene　changed　the　spin　density　distribution　and　thus　influenced　the　photochemical　properties.　These　findings　are　meaningful　in　explaining　the　photo-reactivities　of　these　molecules,　and　provide　foundations　for　further　experimental/theoretical　investigations　and　pharma-cological　applications　based　on　established　structure-property　correlations.