Long-term　intensive　use　of　arable　land　has　caused　soil　quality　degradation　and　threatened　the　sustainable　development　of　agriculture.　Faced　with　these　challenges,　numerous　countries　and　regions　have　adopted　fallow　policies　with　different　modes　of　implementation.　Among　these　places,　China　has　adopted　a　fallow　policy,　which　is　compulsory　and　has　the　same　compensation　standard.　This　policy　has　subsequently　resulted　in　new　problems,　such　as　farmers＇　dissatisfaction　and　financial　pressure　of　the　government.　Hence,　a　question　on　this　matter　emerges:　At　present,　should　China　abandon　the　compulsory　mode　and　adopt　a　voluntary　bidding　mode　for　farmers?　We　conducted　an　experiment　on　714　farmers　in　the　core　area　of　the　Yangtze　River　Delta　region.　For　the　following　fallow　project,　farmers　would　apply　independently　according　to　their　willingness　and　arable　land　conditions　and　provide　the　lowest　compensation　standard　they　were　willing　to　accept.　The　contingent　valuation　method　(CVM)　and　the　Heckman　two-stage　model　were　applied　in　this　study.　The　results　showed　that　(1)　the　proportion　of　farmers　willing　to　participate　in　voluntary　bidding　mode　was　as　high　as　72.83　%,　while　only　50.84　%　opted　to　participate　in　the　original　mode.　(2)　In　addition,　the　voluntary　bidding　mode　performed　better　than　the　original　mode　in　terms　of　both　the　scale　of　fallow　land　and　the　compensation　expenditure　of　the　government.　The　regression　results　showed　that　(3)　women　were　more　likely　to　participate　in　the　voluntary　bidding　mode,　while　farmers　with　higher　agricultural　output　were　more　likely　not　to　participate　in　the　original　mode.　At　the　same　time,　farmers　with　larger　arable　land　and　higher　agricultural　output　significantly　increased　their　compensation　requirements.　We　propose　that　voluntary　bidding　mode　should　be　piloted　in　some　economically　developed　areas,　and　various　types　of　fallow　modes　should　be　set　according　to　the　willingness　of　farmers,　the　scale　of　arable　land,　and　agricultural　output.　And　public　awareness　of　the　dangers　of　soil　degradation　and　the　significance　of　fallow,　as　well　as　the　training　of　farmers　in　non-agricultural　employment　skills,　must　be　strengthened.　Moreover,　the　fallow　supervision　mechanism　needs　to　be　improved.