The　fatigue　life　of　metal　part　manufactured　by　selective　laser　melting　is　generally　poor.　Cold　expansion　technique　is　an　effective　approach　to　advance　the　fatigue　performance　of　hole　structures.　This　paper　proposes　a　mandrel　cold　expansion　process　to　advance　the　fatigue　performance　of　AlSi10Mg　hole　plates　fabricated　by　selective　laser　melting.　A　finite　element　analysis　was　performed　to　investigate　the　hole　plate　cold　expansion　approach.　The　influences　of　cold　expansion　on　the　surface　roughness,　residual　stresses　and　fatigue　behaviors　of　the　plates　were　discussed.　The　results　indicate　that　compressive　residual　stresses　are　introduced　at　both　the　cold-expanded　hole　inlet　and　outlet.　The　compressive　residual　stresses　at　the　outlet　surface　are　higher　than　that　of　the　inlet　surface.　The　cold-expanded　hole　plate　presents　a　large　compressive　residual　stress　region　in　the　transverse　direction,　which　leads　to　the　fracture　of　the　specimen　changes　from　the　transverse　to　the　longitudinal　direction.　In　addition,　the　cold　expansion　reduces　the　surface　roughness　Ra　of　hole　wall.　The　fatigue　performance　of　the　additive　manufactured　AlSi10Mg　plate　is　improved　at　low　cold　expansion　degrees.