Resources　utilization　of　waste　has　become　a　global　challenge　with　both　environmental　and　economic　issues.　To　realize　the　refinement　recycling　of　waste　cooking　oil　(WCO),　a　novel　strategy　was　proposed　in　this　work　for　the　cascade　utilization　of　different　components　of　WCO　in　asphalt　materials.　Given　the　characteristics　of　each　component　in　WCO,　the　analysis　and　verification　were　carried　out　for　WCO　as　aged　asphalt　rejuvenators,　warm　mix　asphalt　additives,　and　thermal　storage　materials　for　asphalt　thermoregulation.　The　results　show　that　WCO　components　can　be　classified　into　three　categories　based　on　the　nature　of　the　fatty　acid　esters,　namely　waxy　components,　light　oil　components,　and　heavy　oil　components.　Both　light　oils　and　heavy　oils　demonstrate　great　potential　as　rejuvenators　of　aged　asphalt　in　terms　of　rheological　properties　and　microscopic　characteristics.　Furthermore,　it　is　worthy　of　expectation　to　select　appropriate　WCO　components　for　performance　recovery　according　to　the　actual　aging　degree　of　asphalt　pavement.　The　waxy　components　of　WCO　can　be　applied　for　asphalt　thermoregulation　and　warm　mix　asphalt　additives　after　hydrolysis　and　ammonolysis　respectively,　which　is　conducive　to　improving　the　durability　of　roads,　reducing　the　energy　consumption　and　volatile　organic　compounds　emissions　during　the　construction　process.　The　findings　of　the　study　contribute　to　the　sustainable　development　of　highway　engineering　and　the　recycling　of　waste　resources.