Column　end　plastic　hinge　zone　under　earthquake　often　occur　longitudinal　reinforcement　buckling　failure.　In　order　to　effectively　prevent　longitudinal　reinforcement　buckling　failure,　has　developed　a　longitudinal　reinforcement　buckling　restraint　structure.　In　order　to　further　study　the　effect　of　the　longitudinal　reinforcement　restraint　on　the　mechanical　properties　of　reinforced　concrete　structures,　the　axial　compression　tests　of　6　groups　were　conducted.　Mainly　investigate　the　axial　compression　properties　and　failure　mode　of　reinforced　concrete　columns.　The　results　show　that　this　kind　of　longitudinal　buckling　restraint　structure　can　provide　greater　lateral　restraint　when　the　longitudinal　reinforcement　is　flexurally　deformed　and　can　significantly　reduce　the　buckling　failure　of　the　longitudinal　reinforcement.　The　unbond　zone　between　the　casing　and　the　longitudinal　reinforcement　can　reduce　the　local　stress　of　Longitudinal　reinforcement.　The　longitudinal　buckling　restraint　structure　is　a　measure　that　can　effectively　improve　the　ductility　of　the　structure.　©　2018,　Editorial　Office　of　China　Civil　Engineering　Journal.　All　right　reserved.