As　for　the　existing　practical　methods　for　seismic　analysis　of　underground　structures,　including　seismic　coefficient　method,　free-field　racking　deformation　method,　flexible　coefficient　method,　response　displacement　method,　response　acceleration　method　and　Pushover　analysis　method,　the　inertia　force　of　overburden　backfilled　soil　or　overburden　soil　which　has　shear　failure　under　the　vertical　ground　motion　is　not　considered.　The　recent　researches　show　that　the　vertical　inertia　force　of　overburden　soil　has　important　influence　on　the　seismic　performances　(shear　strength　and　ultimate　deformation)　of　support　components　for　shallow　buried　underground　structures.　And　it　is　also　one　of　the　critical　factors　in　the　seismic　safety　evaluation　of　shallow　buried　underground　structures,　which　cannot　be　ignored.　A　response　displacement　method　is　proposed　for　seismic　analysis　of　shallow　buried　underground　structures　considering　the　vertical　inertia　force　of　overburden　soil,　called　inertia　force-displacement　method　for　short.　The　determination　methods　for　two　critical　parameters　are　given,　including　the　foundation　spring　coefficient　and　the　maximum　vertical　inertia　force　of　overburden　soil　layer.　The　analysis　results　of　engineering　projects　show　that　the　inertia　force-displacement　method　overcomes　the　defect　of　the　classical　response　displacement　methods　which　cannot　calculate　the　axial　force　of　the　center　column,　and　the　other　results　have　a　similar　calculation　accuracy　compared　with　those　of　the　classical　response　displacement　methods.　©　2018,　Editorial　Office　of　Chinese　Journal　of　Geotechnical　Engineering.　All　right　reserved.