Based　on　quasi-static　test　results　of　exposed　columns,　the　lateral　resistance　mechanisms　of　the　exposed　columns　under　compressive　or　tensile　axial　loads　are　summarized.　The　method　for　predicting　the　yield　moment,　ultimate　moment,　and　initial　stiffness　of　exposed　column　bases　under　compressive　or　tensile　axial　loads　is　proposed;　and　the　errors　of　the　resulting　predictions　are　within　10%　of　the　experimental　tests.　A　hysteretic　model　of　exposed　columns　under　compressive　or　tensile　axial　loads　is　proposed.　Under　compressive　axial　loads,　the　hysteresis　curves　of　exposed　column　bases　are　＇flag-shaped＇,　and　the　backbone　curve　is　simulated　using　a　bilinear　model　without　strain　hardening.　Under　tensile　axial　loads,　the　resistance　of　exposed　columns　is　reduced　significantly,　and　the　hysteresis　is　full.　The　backbone　curve　is　simulated　by　an　idealized　elastic-plastic　model　which　does　not　consider　the　strain　hardening　of　the　anchor　rod.　The　hysteresis　curves　from　the　model　agree　well　with　the　experimental　results.　The　hysteretic　model　can　represent　the　bending　behavior　of　exposed　column　bases　with　different　anchor　rod　arrangements　well,　and　thus　can　be　used　to　analyze　the　seismic　performance　of　whole　frames　in　future　research.　©　2018,　Engineering　Mechanics　Press.　All　right　reserved.