Manual　measurement　of　small　sized　shaft　parts　results　in　the　problems　of　low　efficiency,　large　error,　and　high　cost.　In　addition,　it　is　difficult　to　achieve　large　batch　detection.　To　deal　these　problems,　a　rapid　measuring　machine　for　small　size　shaft　parts　is　developed　in　this　study.　The　machine　adopts　horizontal　structure,　which　is　mainly　composed　of　mechanical　system,　measurement　and　control　system.　Based　on　the　analysis　of　the　existing　researches　on　the　measurement　technology,　the　measurement　method　based　on　pneumatic　gauges　and　gratings　is　proposed.　Turntables　component,　inner　diameter　measurement　component,　length　measurement　component　and　other　mechanical　structure　are　designed.　The　data　acquisition,　data　analysis　and　motion　control　system　for　PLC　core　are　established.　The　human-machine　interface　measurement　software　is　developed.　The　on-line　fast　measurement　of　inner　diameter　and　length　of　the　small　size　shaft　parts　are　realized.　In　further,　the　measurement　results　are　automatically　divided　into　qualified,　reprocessed　and　unqualified　categories.　Practical　test　results　show　that　the　measuring　machine　runs　stably.　The　precision　conforms　with　design　requirements　as　follows.　Repeatability　is　less　than　or　equal　to　0.005　mm.　Measurement　beat　is　within　7　seconds.　The　sorting　function　is　accurate.　The　developed　machine　can　achieve　automate　precision　measurement.　©　2018,　Science　Press.　All　right　reserved.