Taking　the　heavy　pollution　episode　in　Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei　region　from　October　5th　to　12th,　2014　as　an　example,　the　aircraft　AMDAR　data　and　WRF-Chem　model　were　applied　to　the　evolution　analysis　of　atmospheric　boundary　layer　vertical　structure　and　PM2.5　temporal　and　spatial　characteristic.　The　aerosol　direct　feedback　effect　on　multiple　meteorological　factors　was　simulated　and　quantitatively　estimated.　The　results　indicated　that　the　heavy　pollution　process　presented　the　characteristics　including　long　duration,　wide　influencing　region,　large　intensity　and　a　tape-shape　distribution　of　PM2.5　pollution,　which　was　mainly　affected　by　the　uniform　pressure　field　of　ground,　stable　atmospheric　background　formed　by　latitudinal　circulation　in　upper　air,　the　vertical　structure　distribution　of　wind　field　and　inversion　structure.　Aerosol　direct　feedback　led　to　the　following　effect:　(1)　solar　radiation　reduced　by　39.80W/m2;　(2)　temperature　reduced　by　0.34;　(3)　the　boundary　layer　height　reduced　by　36.64m;　(4)　relative　humidity　increased　by　0.90%.　The　feedback　effect　in　the　southern　region　was　more　obvious　than　that　in　the　north　region.　The　feedback　effect　in　the　pollution　days　was　stronger　than　the　average　periods　and　clean　days.　The　feedback　effect　makes　the　meteorological　elements　appear　to　be　unfavorable　to　the　diffusion　of　pollutants,　and　results　in　the　further　increase　of　PM2.5　concentration.　©　2018,　Editorial　Board　of　China　Environmental　Science.　All　right　reserved.