One-dimensional　(1D)　photonic　crystal　structure　model　was　theoretically　analyzed　through　analytical　expressions　with　various　structural　parameters.　The　bandgap　characteristics　of　the　1D　photonic　crystal　resulting　from　the　structural　parameters　were　further　simulated　by　a　three-dimensional　time　domain　finite　difference　numerical　method.　The　results　show　that　the　bandwidth　and　center　frequency　of　the　1D　photonic　crystal　bandgap　are　significantly　influenced　by　hole　period　and　radius,　InGaAsP　waveguide　width,　refractive　index　of　bottom　cladding,　and　filling　factor.　A　1D　photonic　crystal　nanobeam　cavity　is　successfully　designed　for　a　Q-factor　up　to　104　with　a　designated　resonant　wavelength　of　1　561.7　nm,　showing　the　validation　and　practicability　of　the　aforementioned　results.　The　study　of　bandgap　characteristics　of　1D　photonic　crystal　structure　produces　an　important　effect　on　the　integrated　photonic　components　such　as　formed　lasers　and　modulators.　©　2018,　Science　Press.　All　right　reserved.