A　lightweight　design　method　of　military　helmet　liner　structure　based　on　the　topology　optimization　technology　is　presented　for　the　lightweight　design　of　military　helmet.　The　advantages　of　3D　printing　in　the　shape　of　complex　structures　are　taken　to　set　up　a　lightweight　design　process　for　the　helmet　liner　structure,　in　which　includes　the　computer　modeling,　numerical　simulation,　3D　printing,　and　engineering　verification.　A　topological　optimization　algorithm　based　on　the　minimum　potential　energy　is　summarized　according　to　the　finite　element　analysis　method.　In　the　design　process,　the　computer-aided　design　software　UG　is　used　to　perform　3D　modeling　for　design　objects,　and　the　computer-aided　analysis　software　HyperMesh　in　HyperWorks　is　used　to　build　a　finite　element　model,　and　view　the　displacement　results　of　the　topology　optimization　model　whether　the　design　structure　meets　the　constraints　through　OptiStruct　in　HyperWorks　for　the　topology　optimization.　In　order　to　meet　the　functions　of　the　energy　absorption　and　anticollision,　a　honeycomb-type　energy　absorbing　structure　is　added　on　the　side　of　topologically　optimized　helmet　liner.　In　experiment,　solidThinking　Inspire　software　is　used　to　verify　the　helmet　liner　with　the　honeycomb　structure.　The　simulation　shows　that　the　maximum　equivalent　stresses　of　Von-Mises　before　and　after　topology　optimization　are　similar.　The　experimental　model　is　tested,　and　the　load　capacities　of　helmets　before　and　after　optimization　are　compared.　The　experimental　results　show　that,　in　the　case　of　certain　constraints　and　functional　requirements,　the　purpose　of　the　lightweight　design　can　be　achieved,　the　weight　reduction　can　reach　to　17.14%,　and　the　maximum　bearing　capacity　of　the　topologically　optimized　structure　reaches　to　93.72%　of　the　original　structure.　At　the　same　time,　3D　printing　technology　with　numerical　simulation　can　shorten　the　research　and　development　cycle,　and　improve　manufacturing　efficiency.　©　2017,　Editorial　Board　of　Acta　Armamentarii.　All　right　reserved.