In　order　to　improve　the　quality　of　reclaimed　water,　a　coupling　process　with　solid　carbon　source　of　corncob　cellulose　and　sulfur/sponge　iron　composite　fillers　was　integrated　for　the　further　deep　removal　of　nitrogen　and　phosphorus　for　municipal　wastewater　treatment　plant　(WWTP)　effluent　that　usually　contains　little　organic　carbon　for　heterotrophic　denitrifying　bacteria　to　utilize.　Based　on　the　bacteria　16S　rRNA　gene　clone　library　analysis　by　adopting　the　high-throughput　sequencing　technologies,　both　the　effect　and　mechanism　of　the　system　(abbreviated　as　SCSC-S/Fe)　on　nitrogen　(N)　and　phosphorus　(P)　simultaneous　removal　from　simulated　WWTP　effluent　were　investigated.　The　results　indicated　that　the　TN　removal　efficiency　of　the　system　increased　gradually　with　the　increase　of　temperature,　but　the　removal　rate　of　TP　did　not　raised　obviously.　Under　the　condition　of　30　temperature　and　9h　HRT,　the　average　removal　rates　of　NO3--N,　TN　and　TP　were　99.86%,　92.70%　and　89.15%,　respectively.　There　were　two　main　classes　of　bacteria　including　cellulose　degradation　and　denitrification　bacteria　with　the　total　bacteria　of　41.37%　and　54.02%　separately　in　the　solid　carbon　source　of　corncob　cellulose　unit.　And　there　were　simultaneous　existence　of　heterotrophic,　hydrogen　and　sulfur　autotrophic　denitrifying　bacteria　accounted　for　91.53%　of　the　total　number　of　bacteria　in　the　sulfur/sponge　iron　composite　fillers　unit.　X-ray　diffraction　(XRD)　analysis　showed　that　PO43-　was　removed　mainly　by　the　form　of　FePO4,　Fe3(PO4)2·χH2O　and　Fe3(PO4)3(OH)2.　In　the　system,　the　nitrogen　was　removed　mainly　by　heterotrophic　denitrification　with　auxiliary　hydrogen　and　sulfur　autotrophic　denitrification,　and　the　phosphorus　was　removed　by　main　chemical　reaction　and　a　little　biological　uptake　of　phosphate.　SCSC-S/Fe　system　represents　a　promising　method　for　simultaneous　and　improved　N　and　P　removal　from　WWTP　effluent.　©　2017,　Editorial　Board　of　China　Environmental　Science.　All　right　reserved.