Aiming　at　hazardous　materials　transportation　(HMT),　vehicle　routing　optimisation　models　for　single　vehicle　and　multiple　vehicle　are　proposed　respectively,　and　the　adaptive　double　populations　genetic　algorithm　are　constructed.　Firstly,　the　goal　functions　of　models　are　minimising　the　total　risk,　cost　and　the　running　time　of　hazardous　materials　vehicle.　Then,　the　load　constraint,　max-risk　constraint　and　time　window　constraint　are　considered.　Finally,　natural　number　is　used　for　coding,　double　populations　mechanism　and　adaptive　weighted　fitness　allocation　mechanism　are　adopted　to　calculate　unit　fitness,　partial　matched-crossover　method　is　adopted　for　crossover　operation,　and　the　inversion　mutation　operator　is　adopted　for　mutation　operation.　Case　study　shows　the　model　and　algorithm　are　feasible,　the　vehicle　routing　strategy　can　provide　direct　reference　for　hazardous　materials　transportation　decision-making　departments　and　it　is　an　effective　way　for　prevention　of　hazardous　materials　transportation　accidents.　Copyright　©　2017　Inderscience　Enterprises　Ltd.