Additive　manufacturing　(AM),　a　3D　printing　technique　that　manufactures　components　by　sequential　addition　of　powder,　has　massively　reshaped　the　manufacturing　and　engineering　sectors　from　batch　production　to　manufacturing　customized,　innovative,　state-of-the-art,　and　sustainable　products.　Additive　manufacturing　of　aluminum　alloys　by　selective　laser　melting　(SLM)　is　one　of　the　latest　research　trends　in　this　field　due　to　the　fact　of　its　advantages　and　vast　applications　in　manufacturing　industries　such　as　automobiles　and　aerospace.　This　paper　investigated　the　surface　and　dimensional　quality　of　SLM-built　AlSi10Mg　parts　using　a　response　surface　method　(RSM)　and　found　the　influence　of　the　wall　thickness　and　process　parameters　(i.e.,　laser　power,　scanning　speed,　hatch　distance)　on　the　pieces.　Thin-walled　test　specimens　of　AlSi10Mg　alloy　were　manufactured　with　different　combinations　of　process　parameters　at　three　wall　thicknesses:　1.0　mm,　2.0　mm,　and　3.0　mm.　The　Minitab　DOE　module　was　used　to　create　27　different　configurations　of　wall　thickness　and　process　parameters.　The　samples’　surface　roughness　and　dimensional　accuracy　were　investigated,　and　the　findings　were　evaluated　using　the　ANOVA　technique.　The　regression　model　and　the　ANOVA　technique　showed　high　precision　and　had　a　particular　reference　value　for　practical　engineering　applications.　©　2021　by　the　authors.　Licensee　MDPI,　Basel,　Switzerland.