In　order　to　study　the　internal　damage　of　ancient　architecture　wood　members,　in　this　paper　the　stress　wave　and　impedance　instruments　were　applied　to　test　Pinus　tabulaeformis　and　elm　specimens　with　different　damage　types　and　internal　defect　areas.　Combined　prediction　was　also　conducted　on　their　internal　defects　on　the　basis　of　the　Shapley　value.　The　results　showed　that　when　the　internal　damage　was　holes,　stress　waves　could　obtain　the　two-dimensional　image　of　the　test　section　quickly　and　determine　the　damage　positions,　sizes,　and　types.　When　internal　wood　was　damaged　by　insects,　the　actual　defect　was　proportional　to　the　error　value　of　the　absolute　error.　Impedance　instrument　accurately　determined　defect　positions　and　damage　types　of　a　single　path.　The　impedance　instrument　test　results　were　more　accurate　with　smaller　internal　defect　areas.　According　to　the　Shapley　value,　the　weight　function　of　the　stress　wave　and　impedance　instrument　were　confirmed　through　distributing　the　total　error　values　of　the　two　testing　methods　so　that　the　combined　predictive　model　was　constructed.　The　combined　prediction　error　value　more　accurate　than　single　test　results.　The　research　results　are　useful　to　aim　preventive　protection　of　ancient　buildings,　and　can　provide　effective　data　support　for　practical　engineering　repair　and　reinforcement　of　buildings　because　the　research　adopted　the　detective　method　of　quantitative　analysis　instead　of　qualitative　analysis.　©　2016,　UK　Simulation　Society.　All　rights　reserved.