The　investigation　of　long-term　environmental　oxidation　resistance　of　rejuvenated　high-viscosity　modified　asphalt　(HVMA)　is　of　great　significance　as　it　unlocks　its　full　potential　for　recycled　utilization,　offering　improved　solutions　for　sustainable　and　cost-effective　pavement　infrastructure.　This　study　aims　to　comprehensively　investigate　the　long-term　environmental　oxidation　resistance　and　mechanisms　of　various　oil-based　and　polymer-based　rejuvenated　HVMAs.　Firstly,　the　long-term　oxidation　process　of　oil-based　and　polymer-based　rejuvenated　HVMAs　was　simulated　using　the　indoor　accelerated　environmental　aging　test.　Subsequently,　a　series　of　rheological　tests　and　X-ray　photoelectron　spectroscopy　(XPS)　test　were　employed　to　examine　the　environmental　oxidation　characterization　of　rejuvenated　HVMAs.　Finally,　a　radar　chart　was　proposed　to　rank　the　anti-oxidation　capabilities　of　various　rejuvenated　HVMAs,　accompanied　by　a　detailed　oxidation　mechanism　analysis.　The　results　indicate　that　polymer-based　rejuvenated　HVMA　exhibits　superior　environmental　oxidation　resistance　compared　to　oil-based　rejuvenated　HVMA.　The　addition　of　polymer-based　rejuvenators　effectively　retards　the　phase　angle　plateau　disappearance　and　rheological　performance　deterioration　of　rejuvenated　HVMA　during　environmental　aging.　Polymer-based　rejuvenators　significantly　slow　down　the　oxidation　rates　of　carbon　and　sulfur　elements　in　rejuvenated　HVMA.　Although　the　addition　of　oil-based　rejuvenators　may　not　enhance　the　anti-oxidation　capability,　the　restructuring　of　the　polymer　phase　structure　plays　a　crucial　role　in　improving　the　anti-oxidation　performance.　The　ranking　of　anti-oxidation　capabilities　among　the　four　polymer-based　rejuvenated　HVMAs　is　as　follows:　SBSbased　waste　furfural　oil　(SFO)　＞　SBS-based　waste　rubber　oil　(SRO)　＞　SBS-based　aromatic　oil　(SR)　＞　SBS-based　waste　cooking　oil　(SWCO).　SFO　demonstrates　the　highest　resistance　to　environmental　oxidation,　primarily　attributed　to　the　inherent　UV　absorption　and　free　radical　scavenging　capability　of　furfural　oil　(FO).　SRO　exhibits　favorable　anti-aging　performance　due　to　the　chemical　composition　resembling　asphalt,　which　provides　enhanced　chemical　stability.　Conversely,　waste　cooking　oil　(WCO)　contains　a　significant　amount　of　unsaturated　fatty　acid　esters,　which　is　susceptible　to　oxidation　due　to　oxygen　attack,　resulting　in　the　lowest　anti-aging　capability　of　SWCO.