The　divalent　cations　in　sewage　can　act　as　adhesion　agents　for　anaerobic　ammonium　oxidizing　bacteria　(AnAOB)　and　form　mineralized　granules,　thus　affecting　granular　characteristics.　The　differences　of　characteristics　between　non-mineralized　and　mineralized　anammox　granules　are　not　tapped,　although　extensive　research　have　been　conducted　on　anammox　granule.　This　is　the　first　work　to　systematically　compare　the　detailed　differences　between　non-mineralized　(Rc)　and　mineralized　anammox　systems　(Re)　in　terms　of　physicochemical,　rheological　properties　and　microbial　community　under　identical　operating　conditions.　Results　showed　that　the　mineralized　anammox　granule　with　＂egg-box＂　structure　was　formed　with　excellent　settleability,　micro-granular　diameter,　higher　biomass　retention　and　superior　mechanical　strength　compared　with　non-mineralized　granules.　The　longterm　operation　results　manifested　nitrogen　removal　rates　of　over　0.8　kg　N/m3/d　have　been　stably　obtained　in　both　systems　due　to　symbiotic　mechanism　between　Ca.Brocadia　and　Denitratisoma.　Further,　the　higher　polysaccharide　concentrations　were　combined　with　Ca2+　to　promote　bacterial　aggregation　without　affecting　the　specific　anammox　activity.　Additionally,　Ca.　Jettenia　might　secrete　sec-dependent　secretory　proteins,　which　served　as　the　colonizers　to　promote　the　initial　adhesion　of　AnAOB　on　the　hydroxyapatite　surface.　Fluorescence　in-situ　hybridization　confirmed　AnAOB　was　predominantly　distributed　in　the　outer　layer　of　granules.　Overall,　these　findings　elucidate　the　proper　control　strategy　to　avoid　sludge　floatation　and　promote　the　fluidization　of　anammox　granules　in　continuous　stirred　tank　reactors.