To　aggregate　rural　biomass　energy,　distributed　power　supply,　flexibility　load,　and　other　resources,　a　novel　structure　of　the　rural　Biomass-derived　Fuel　-based　new　energy　microgrid　(BDF-NEM)　is　proposed.　It　includes　the　Biomass　Waste　Conversion　System　(BWS),　Distributed　Renewable　Energy　(DRE),　and　Flexible　Load　Cluster　(FLC).　The　two-stage　scheduling　optimization　framework　is　designed　for　the　BDF-NEM,　minimizing　operating　costs　in　the　Day-ahead　phase　and　system　deviation　costs　in　the　Intra-day　phase.　Uncertainty　analysis　of　wind　power　plant　(WPP)　and　photovoltaic　generators　(PV)　is　conducted　using　Latin　hypercube　sampling　and　the　Kantorovich　distance　approach.　To　guarantee　the　equitable　allocation　of　benefits,　a　benefit　allocation　mechanism　grounded　in　the　enhanced　Sharp　value　approach　takes　into　account　operational　risks.　The　analysis　of　a　rural　area　in　northern　China　demonstrates:　(1)　After　BDF　-　NEM　joined　the　tiered　carbon　trading　mechanism,　although　it　increased　carbon　trading　costs　by　31.27　%,　wind　power　and　photovoltaic　output　increased　by　36.08　%,　improving　new　energy　consumption;　(2)　The　two-stage　scheduling　optimization　model　with　daily　plan　and　daily　correction　can　effectively　alleviate　the　deviation　caused　by　wind　and　solar　uncertainty.　Although　the　adjustment　cost　is　3966.41　yuan,　it　can　avoid　the　penalty　of　load　loss;　(3)　The　improved　benefit　allocation　based　on　the　Shapley　value　method　reflects　the　marginal　contribution　of　each　system　module　at　the　risk　level,　and　when　the　system　modules　cooperate　with　each　other,　the　return　is　18.17　%　higher　than　when　operating　alone,　effectively　stimulating　the　enthusiasm　to　participate　in　transactions.　In　summary,　the　BDF　NEM　proposed　in　this　article　can　improve　the　utilization　rate　of　wind　and　solar　energy,　promote　the　low-carbon　development　of　rural　power　plants,　and　achieve　local　resource　allocation　in　rural　areas.