The　global　demand　for　renewable　energy　has　resulted　in　a　rapid　expansion　of　offshore　wind　farms　(OWFs)　and　increased　attention　to　the　ecological　impacts　of　OWFs　on　the　marine　ecosystem.　Previous　reviews　mainly　focused　on　the　OWFs’　impacts　on　individual　species　like　birds,　bats,　or　mammals.　This　review　collected　numerous　field-measured　data　and　simulated　results　to　summarize　the　ecological　impacts　on　phytoplankton,　zooplankton,　zoobenthos,　fishes,　and　mammals　from　each　trophic　level　and　also　analyze　their　interactions　in　the　marine　food　chain.　Phytoplankton　and　zooplankton　are　positively　or　adversely　affected　by　the　‘wave　effect’,　‘shading　effect’,　oxygen　depletion　and　predation　pressure,　leading　to　a　±　10%　fluctuation　of　primary　production.　Although　zoobenthos　are　threatened　transiently　by　habitat　destruction　with　a　reduction　of　around　60%　in　biomass　in　the　construction　stage,　their　abundance　exhibited　an　over　90%　increase,　dominated　by　sessile　species,　due　to　the　‘reef　effect’　in　the　operation　stage.　Marine　fishes　and　mammals　are　to　endure　the　interferences　of　noise　and　electromagnetic,　but　they　are　also　aggregated　around　OWFs　by　the　‘reef　effect’　and　‘reserve　effect’.　Furthermore,　the　complexity　of　marine　ecosystem　would　increase　with　a　promotion　of　the　total　system　biomass　by　40%　through　trophic　cascade　effects　strengthen　and　resource　partitioning　alternation　triggered　by　the　proliferation　of　filter-feeders.　The　suitable　site　selection,　long-term　monitoring,　and　life-cycle-assessment　of　ecological　impacts　of　OWFs　that　are　lacking　in　current　literature　have　been　described　in　this　review,　as　well　as　the　carbon　emission　and　deposition.　©　2023