This　study　employs　advanced　ultrasonic　tomography　and　Grasshopper　software　to　investigate　the　internal　anomalies　within　stone　materials.　We　aim　to　enhance　the　non-destructive　testing　(NDT)　methods　with　potential　applications　extending　to　modern　architecture　and　stone　engineering.　Cavity　damage　and　internal　defects　threaten　the　structural　stability　of　stone　cultural　relics.　Traditional　non-destructive　testing　methods,　while　practical,　have　limitations　in　assessing　these　relics　comprehensively.　This　paper　proposes　an　enhanced　ultrasonic　testing　method　based　on　mathematical　analysis　to　accurately　detect　cavity　damage　in　stone　cultural　relics.　We　also　investigate　imaging　techniques　for　internal　defects,　combining　ultrasonic　testing　with　Grasshopper　software　for　efficient　and　accurate　defect　characterization.　Additionally,　we　introduce　an　acoustic　tapping　method　for　detecting　internal　defects　in　ancient　building　stones.　Verified　through　field　tests　and　data　analysis,　this　method　is　non-invasive,　accurate,　and　fast.　The　process　of　detecting　stone　defects　using　this　technology,　along　with　data　analysis　methods,　experimental　results,　and　application　effects,　are　detailed.　This　research　contributes　to　the　improved　preservation　and　restoration　of　ancient　buildings　and　extends　to　other　fields,　such　as　modern　architecture　and　stone　engineering,　highlighting　its　significance　in　cultural　heritage　conservation.　(c)　2024　Consiglio　Nazionale　delle　Ricerche　(CNR).　Published　by　Elsevier　Masson　SAS.　All　rights　reserved.