Tuned　mass　dampers　(TMDs)　as　a　vibration　control　device　are　widely　implemented　in　many　types　of　structures　subjected　to　seismic　loading.　The　conventional　design　theory　of　TMD　is　based　on　the　assumption　of　a　fixed　foundation.　When　the　soil-structure　interaction　(SSI)　effect　is　prominent,　the　vibration　characteristics　of　the　controlled　structure　will　be　changed,　which　may　limit　the　effectiveness　of　TMD.　In　the　present　study,　we　aim　to　comprehensively　investigate　the　effectiveness　of　TMD　by　performing　seismic　response　analysis　considering　nonlinear　soil-structure　interaction　effects.　A　three-dimensional　(3D)　finite　element　model　of　soil-pile　foundation-structure-TMD　system　is　first　built.　The　reduced　seismic　response　of　the　TMD　considering　SSI　is　investigated.　The　comprehensive　parametric　sensitivity　analysis　is　carried　out,　including　ground　motions,　and　soil　shear　wave　velocity.　The　effect　of　different　main　structure　frequencies　on　the　seismic　reduction　performance　of　the　TMD　is　investigated.　The　results　reveal　that　the　SSI　effect　has　a　detrimental　effect　on　the　effectiveness　of　TMD.　The　structural　seismic　response　can　be　reduced　after　considering　the　soil　nonlinear,　and　the　soil　nonlinear　is　favorable　to　the　effectiveness　of　TMD.　The　performance　of　TMD　is　significantly　related　to　the　characteristics　of　the　input　ground　motions.　The　TMD　reduction　performance　is　improved　for　large　mass　ratios.　The　dampers＇　＇　stiffness　and　damping　of　the　TMD　system　are　specified　according　to　the　TMD　design　criteria,　and　the　TMD　provides　better　effectiveness　performance.　The　design　criterion　based　on　soil-structure　system　frequency　can　significantly　increase　TMD　performance　for　soft　soil　conditions　compared　with　the　design　criterion　based　on　the　fixed　foundation.