Both　of　the　transient　thermal　transfer　model　and　the　thermal　elastic-plastic　model　were　adopted　for　the　thermal　and　stress　simulation　during　the　additively　manufacture　of　2Cr13　thin-wall　part.　The　microstructural　evolution　and　internal　defect　distribution　were　also　characterized,　as　well　as　the　measurement　of　thermal　cycles　and　residual　stress.　A　fair　agreement　between　the　simulated　and　experimental　results,　including　the　thermal　cycling　curves　and　residual　stress　distribution,　was　achieved.　During　the　arc　deposition,　the　spatially　transient　stress　distribution　was　evolved　regularly　as　a　consequence　of　the　repeated　transient　thermal　history,　which　finally　transformed　into　the　residual　stress　within　the　whole　part　and　caused　the　wrapping　phenomenon.　In　the　middle　region,　the　location-related　metal-stable　microstructure　and　nonhomogeneous　micro-sized　pore　distribution　was　obtained　within　a　single　layer,　supposedly　a　result　of　complicated　in-situ　micro-heating　treatment　when　new　layers　continuously　deposited　on　the　top　of　the　buildup.　However,　the　whole　top-most　layer　was　featured　by　the　homogenous　microstructure　and　pore　distribution,　as　this　area　didn＇t　undergo　the　further　in-situ　thermal　cycle.　The　intrinsic　relationship　of　＂thermal　history-　microstructural　evolution-　defect　distribution＂　was　explored　with　the　combination　of　numerical　simulation　and　experimental　characterization　during　the　arc　deposition　of　2Cr13　part.