As　a　prevailing　cross-modal　reasoning　task,　Visual　Question　Answering　(VQA)　has　achieved　impressive　progress　in　the　last　few　years,　where　the　language　bias　is　widely　studied　to　learn　more　robust　VQA　models.　However,　the　visual　bias,　which　also　influences　the　robustness　of　VQA　models,　is　seldomly　considered,　resulting　in　weak　inference　ability.　Therefore,　how　to　balance　the　effect　of　language　bias　and　visual　bias　has　become　essential　in　the　current　VQA　task.　In　this　paper,　we　devise　a　new　reweighting　strategy　taking　both　the　language　bias　and　visual　bias　into　account,　and　propose　a　Fair　Attention　Network　for　Robust　Visual　Question　Answering　(named　as　FAN-VQA).　It　first　constructs　a　question　bias　branch　and　a　visual　bias　branch　to　estimate　the　bias　information　from　two　modalities,　which　are　utilized　to　judge　the　importance　of　samples.　Then,　adaptive　importance　weights　are　learned　from　the　bias　information　and　assigned　to　the　candidate　answers　to　adjust　the　training　losses,　enabling　the　model　to　shift　more　attention　to　the　difficult　samples　that　need　less-salient　visual　clues　to　infer　the　correct　answer.　In　order　to　improve　the　robustness　of　the　VQA　model,　we　design　a　progressive　strategy　to　balance　the　influence　of　original　training　loss　and　adjusted　training　loss.　Extensive　experiments　on　the　VQA-CP　v2,　VQA　v2,　and　VQA-CE　datasets　demonstrate　the　effectiveness　of　the　proposed　FAN-VQA　method.　©　1991-2012　IEEE.