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Robustness of digital watermarking will directly influence the application of watermarking technology. In order to improve the robustness of CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)-based spread spectrum watermarking, we propose two novel correlation properties of spread spectrum sequence appropriate to digital image watermarking: LAC (loose auto-correlation) and TCC (tight cross-correlation). Different from the traditional correlation properties, the new ones emphasize that whether sequences synchronize or not (i.e., whether attacks exist or not), the auto-correlation is high and the cross-correlation is low. The comparative experiment results demonstrate that the spread spectrum sequences with these new properties can distinctly improve the robustness of watermark algorithms. © 2014 ISSN 1881-803X.
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