According　to　the　forming　mechanism,　the　surrounding　rock　deformation　of　tunnel　can　be　divided　into　material　deformation　and　structure　deformation.　Based　on　the　space-time　effect　on　the　tunnel　face　by　excavation,　the　deformation　distribution　of　surrounding　rock　is　divided　into　three　parts　in　space,　which　are　deformation　ahead　of　the　tunnel　face,　at　the　tunnel　face　and　back　from　the　tunnel　face.　Besides　the　general　characteristics　of　the　common　tunnel,　high　change　rate　in　initial　excavation　period,　long-lasting　deformation,　various　failure　modes,　the　large　change　range　ahead　of　the　tunnel　face,　at　the　tunnel　face　and　back　from　the　tunnel　face　are　considered　as　the　main　characteristics　of　the　soft　surrounding　rock　tunnel.　In　order　to　control　the　deformation　ahead　of　the　tunnel　face,　transverse　or　vertical　rigid　beam　structures　formed　by　steel　tubes,　steel　bars,　steel　backing　plate,　or　high　pressure　grouting,　etc　can　be　taken　as　support　measures　in　advance.　In　order　to　control　the　deformation　at　the　tunnel　face,　countermeasures　such　as　inclined　or　orbicular　tunnel　face,　reserved　core,　shotcrete　on　the　face,　advance　anchor　bolt　and　advanced　grouting　can　be　adopted.　In　order　to　control　the　deformation　back　from　the　tunnel　face,　the　excavation　method　should　be　optimized,　meanwhile　such　measures　as　shotcrete　with　high　performance　concrete,　anchor　with　high　bearing　capacity,　high　standard　steel　support　and　multiple　support,　etc　should　be　adopted　to　improve　the　bearing　capacity　of　the　primary　support.