Thulium-doped　pulsed　fiber　lasers　have　attracted　considerable　interests　as　novel　laser　source,　due　to　their　wide　applications　in　eye-safe　lidar,　laser　medical　system,　optoelectronic　countermeasure　and　special　material　processing.　The　research　and　development　on　ultrafast　thulium-doped　fiber　laser　at　2　μm　wavelength　are　classified,　which　include　the　technical　approach　of　the　ultrafast　thuliun　doped　pulse　output,　the　novel　saturable　absorbers　of　passive　mode-locking,　the　characteristics　of　thulium-doped　passively　mode-locked　fiber　laser　output,　and　the　development　of　high　power　thulium-doped　ultrafast　pulse　amplifier.　Up　to　now,　several　main　mode-locked　techniques,　such　as　actively　mode-locking,　nonlinear　polarization　evolution,　saturable　absorber,　and　nonlinear　amplifier　loop　mirror　have　been　used　to　achieve　ultrashort　laser　pulses　in　thulium-doped　fiber　lasers.　The　saturable　absorber　material　mainly　include　semiconductor,　carbon　nanotubes,　graphene　and　graphene　oxide.　The　most　recent　work　shows　that　80　W　average　power　at　1963　nm　has　been　obtained　in　a　three-stage　fiber　amplifier　with　pulse　width　of　20　ps.　The　prospect　of　further　development　and　application　of　such　ultrafast　laser　sources　is　discussed　in　the　last　part　of　the　article.