Anisotropic　SmCo5/Co　magnetic　nanocomposites　have　been　fabricated　by　chemical　deposition　of　Co　nanowires　based　on　SmCo5　nanoflakes.　The　SmCo5　nanoflakes　with　an　average　thickness　of　200　nm　and　diameter　of　4　mm　were　first　prepared　by　surfactant-assisted　high-energy　ball-milling.　The　Co　nanowires　with　mean　diameter　of　20　nm　and　length　of　200　nm　were　then　deposited　via　a　solvothermal　chemical　process.　This　strategy　can　effectively　control　the　content　of　SmCo5　nanoflakes　and　Co　nanowires,　and　the　hard　magnetic　nanoflakes　can　be　coated　with　a　uniform　distribution　of　Co　nanowires.　Both　of　the　SmCo5　nanoflakes　and　Co　nanowires　are　anisotropic,　and　could　be　magnetically　aligned　simultaneously　in　the　nanocomposites,　which　is　confirmed　by　XRD　patterns.　Magnetic　measurements　of　the　＂bi-anisotropic＂　SmCo5/Co　composites　show　an　enhanced　remanent　magnetization　with　increasing　the　content　of　Co　nanowires.　The　exchange-coupled　SmCo5/Co　nanocomposites　with　up　to　40　wt　%　Co　content　exhibits　the　highest　(BH)(max)　value　of　23.8　MGOe,　larger　than　the　single　phase　SmCo5　nanoflakes.　(C)　2019　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.