To　improve　the　load-bearing　capacity　of　buckling　for　thin-walled　stiffened　cylindrical　shell,　the　buckling　analysis　of　thin-walled　stiffened　cylindrical　shell　under　axial　compression　is　carried　out.　On　conditions　that　the　cylindrical　shell　has　the　same　volume　and　the　section　sizes　of　stiffeners　are　fixed,　the　parameterized　finite　element　model　is　set　up　to　analyze　the　influence　of　the　number　of　stiffeners　on　buckling　mode　and　buckling　load.　The　optimization　model　of　thin-walled　stiffened　cylindrical　shell,　which　has　a　constant　volume,　is　developed　and　solved　by　genetic　algorithms.　The　objective　function　of　the　optimization　model　is　the　maximum　load-bearing　capacity　and　the　design　variables　include　the　number　of　vertical　stiffeners,　the　skin　thickness　and　the　section　sizes　of　stiffeners.　The　structural　parameterized　analysis　process　is　set　up　by　ANSYS　APDL　and　the　automatic　re-analysis　of　the　structure　is　realized.　Results　reveal　that　the　number　of　stiffeners　has　great　influence　on　buckling　mode　and　buckling　load.　When　the　stiffeners　are　sparse,　the　buckling　load　of　stiffened　cylindrical　shell　is　less　than　that　of　no-stiffener　cylindrical　shell　with　the　same　volume.　When　the　stiffeners　are　overcrowded,　the　buckling　load　has　a　downward　trend.　The　buckling　load　of　thin-walled　stiffened　cylindrical　shell　is　significantly　improved　because　the　reasonable　number　and　section　sizes　of　stiffeners　are　found　by　using　the　optimization　method.