In　order　to　effectively　eliminate　the　insufficiency　of　transmission　error　(TE),　a　new　kind　of　gear　pair　error　called　gear　pair　integrated　error　(GPIE)　and　its　measurement　method　were　proposed　in　this　paper　based　on　the　gear　integrated　error　measurement　technology,　which　was　invented　by　Chinese　gear　experts.　On　the　basis　of　the　analytical　geometry　of　space　and　meshing　theory　of　gear,　the　mathematical　model,　the　definition　and　the　formula　of　the　GPIE　were　proposed.　A　correlation　between　GPIE　and　the　gear　integrated　error　of　the　driving　and　the　driven　was　deduced.　The　definition　of　basic　unit　of　the　GPIE　curve　was　introduced.　The　theoretical　equations　of　the　unit　GPIE　curve　were　formulated,　and　the　basic　arithmetic　about　the　actual　unit　GPIE　curve　was　deduced　in　the　coordinate　system　on　the　contact　zone.　Then,　measurement　principle,　method,　and　steps　of　the　gpie　were　invented.　The　measurement　instrument　of　the　GPIE　was　developed.　Finally,　the　advantages　of　the　GPIE　over　the　TE　were　presented.