In　order　to　improve　spectrum　efficiency　of　communication　system,　a　novel　two-dimension　Time-frequency　Overlapped　Multiplex　System　is　proposed,　and　based　on　this　communication　system,　a　rapid　detection　algorithm　is　studied.　The　experimental　results　show　that　compared　with　the　traditional　maximum　likelihood　sequence　estimation　detection　algorithm,　the　proposed　algorithm　obtains　significant　increase　in　detection　speed　at　the　expense　of　some　performance　of　bit　err　ratio,　so　as　to　promote　practical　process　of　the　two-dimension　Time-frequency　Overlapped　Multiplex　System.　Its　performance　at　a　high　signal　to　noise　ratio　is　still　better　than　that　of　the　QAM　modulation　with　the　same　spectrum　efficiency.　This　shows　that　improving　the　transmission　rate　with　overlapped　signals　can　achieve　greater　gains　than　that　of　using　high-level　QAM　modulation　with　the　same　spectrum　efficiency.