Asphalt　binders　modified　with　bio-oils　derived　from　various　biomasses　have　been　developed　for　addressing　pavement　sustainability　and　environmental　concerns.　This　study　evaluated　the　bio-binders　modified　with　bio-oils　derived　from　waste　cooking　oil,　and　was　aimed　for　the　chemical　and　rheological　characterization　under　different　oxidative　aging　conditions　and　the　aging　susceptibility　of　the　bio-binders.　The　chemical　analysis　was　based　on　saturates,　aromatics,　resins,　and　asphaltenes　(SARA)　fractionation,　gel　permeation　chromatography　(GPC),　and　thermogravimetric　analysis　(TGA).　The　rheological　characterization　consisted　of　multiple　stress　creep　recovery,　linear　amplitude　sweep,　and　elastic　recovery　tests.　The　results　indicated　that　aging　caused　shift　from　the　light　components　to　the　asphaltenes　or　heavy　molecules.　The　bio-oil　modification　balanced　the　effect　of　aging　by　producing　relatively　well-dispersed　asphalt　systems　in　comparison　to　the　petroleum　control.　According　to　the　SARA　and　GPC　analyses,　the　petroleum　asphalt　was　less　susceptible　to　aging.　The　TGA　results　suggested　that　once　aged　the　bio-binders　were　less　stable　under　high　temperatures　presumably　due　to　thermal　degradation　of　the　bio-oil　molecules.　The　addition　of　bio-oil　lowered　the　rutting　resistance　and　marginally　reduced　the　elastic　recovery　potential;　according　to　the　corresponding　evaluation　parameters,　the　aging　resistance　of　the　bio-binders　was　similar　or　slightly　lower　as　compared　to　the　control.　The　bio-oil　modification　improved　the　fatigue　cracking　performance　and　also　reduced　the　aging　susceptibility　within　the　context　of　fatigue　resistance.　The　correlation　between　the　chemical　and　rheological　properties　of　the　bio-binders　were　in　line　with　the　implications　based　on　the　colloidal　model　for　petroleum　asphalts.